Emission Control Systems, limit the release of harmful gases from your engine into the atmosphere. This includes hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen.
The 3 main sources are, Crankcase, Evaporative (EVAP) and Exhaust. These are in place to track and control the emissions, and air/fuel ratio in a vehicle’s engine.
The parts of the system include the catalytic converter, positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve, evaporative controls, and air injection.
Common reasons your Check Engine Light (CEL) might come on is for an Emission Control Systems Fault. This is when the engine is burning too much fuel, increasing your carbon footprint. The (CEL) could also come on, because your not burning enough fuel, or if the sensor is broken.