Engine bottom end is the part of the engine below the head gasket.
Cylinder block deck
Is a flat machined surface for the cylinder head. Bolt holes are drilled and tapped in the deck for heat bolts. Coolant and oil passages allow fluids through the block, head gasket, and cylinder heads.
Cylinders (cylinder walls)
Are large holes machined in the cylinder block for the pistons. An integral cylinder is part of the block.
Cylinder block sleeves (liners)
Is a separate part pressed into the block. There are two basic types of cylinder sleeves: dry sleeves and wet sleeves.
Cylinder bores
There are several bores in the block, lifter bores, cam bores, main bore.
Main caps
They are blot to the bottom of the cylinder block and form one-half of the main bore. Large main cap bolts screw into holes in the block to secure the caps to the block
Main bearings
Snap-fit into the cylinder block and main caps to provide an operating surface for the crankshaft main journals.
Crankshaft
It converts the reciprocating of the pistons into a rotating motion. The crankshaft fits into the main bore of the block The crankshaft has a crankshaft oil passages, counterweights, crankshaft flange with the pilot bearing in the center to support the manual transmission input shaft, and the crankshaft oil seals.
Crank main journals
Are precision machined and polished surfaces that ride on the main bearings.
Crank rod journals
Also terms crankpins are also machined and polished surfaces, but they are for the connecting rod bearings.
Flywheel
Is a large steel disc mounted on the rear flange of the crankshaft. The flywheel has a large ring gear that allows engine starting.
Connecting rod
Fastens the piston to the crankshaft.
Rod cap
Bolts to the bottom of the connecting rod body. It can be removed to for disassembly of the engine.
Rod bearings
Ride on the crankshaft rod journal.
Piston pin
Allows the piston to swing on the connecting rod. The pin fits through the hole in the piston and the connecting rod small end.
Pistons
Transfers the pressure f the combustion to the connecting rod and crankshaft. It must hold the piston rings and piston pin while operating in the cylinder.
Piston rings
Automotive pistons normally use three rings- two compression rings and one oil ring.
Balancer shafts
Are used in some engines to reduce vibration. These counterweighted shafts are generally mounted in the left and right side of the engine block and are driven by a belt or chain.
