The car charging system, provides the electricity; that powers the starter motor and runs electrical accessories.
The 3 main parts, of the car charging system are, the battery, alternator and voltage regulator.
There is also a system, to warn the driver if something, is not right with the car charging system. Most often, a dash mounted warning light.
So, if this warning lamp lights up, while the engine is running; it means that there is a problem, in the car charging system, usually an alternator or battery.
Battery
The type of battery, used in your vehicle, is a rechargeable battery. Its main purpose is to provide, an electric current, to the electric-powered starter motor, which in turn starts your engine.
In the long run, all the energy comes from the alternator. But, during starting and any time the load; is greater than what the alternator can put out, the battery fills in the gaps. Then, the alternator charges the battery, as demands increase or decrease.
Alternator
So, an alternator is a, maintenance-free unit. And, in some cars, it can last for up to 10-15 years, without any repairs. But, if an alternator fails, the car may still run, for a short time on battery power. However, when the battery finally dies, the engine will stall.
Voltage Regulator
So, the voltage regulator, can be mounted inside or outside, of the alternator housing. And, if the regulator is mounted outside; there will be a wiring harness, connecting it to the alternator.
The regulator forces the alternator to maintain a voltage of between 13.5 volts and 14.5 volts. This is sufficient to recharge the battery safely; while protecting the other electrical circuits and components of the car.
The charging system gauge or warning lamp; monitors the health, of the car charging system. Usually, the first sign of trouble is, a warning light, telling you there is a problem.
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